Electrodialysis (ED) offers an alternative ion-removal method – India
The study showed that the SF-EDM process achieved a remarkable salinity reduction of over 90%, reaching 93% in the experimental trials. This efficiency was coupled with a total system water recovery rate of 90%, combining reverse osmosis and SF-EDM processes. The specific energy consumption ranged from 1 to 7 kWh/mÂł, indicating a favorable energy profile compared to traditional desalination methods.
A key finding was this methodâs ability to selectively separate ions. It effectively distinguishes between monovalent and divalent ions, allowing sulfate and calcium to be separated into distinct concentrate streams. This selectivity is particularly important [âŠ]