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Extensive research on horizontal tube falling film evaporation in desalination has been conducted on flow modes, flow and heat transfer characteristics and enhanced heat transfer structures. Studies on the flow modes have found that the heat transfer rate of the droplet mode is was markedly greater than that of the column mode and sheet mode due to the effects of thinning liquid film and increasing interface area in the droplet falling film evaporation.

The current measures to attain droplet falling film evaporation on smooth horizontal tubes involve reducing its flow density to the extent that the reduced flow density is less than the critical flow density (defined as the minimum flow density for the fully wetted horizontal tube). Therefore, the occurrence of dry patches on the tube surface [27,28] deteriorates the heat transfer rate in droplet falling film evaporation, resulting in the impossibility of its practical application in the desalination industry. The micro-nano structures on the surfaces of horizontal tubes manufactured by the micro-electromechanical system, play an important role in addressing the issue of dry patches in the droplet falling film evaporation by decreasing the contact angle of the horizontal tubes and increasing their wettability.

In contrast with the smooth horizontal tube, the critical flow density of the micro-nano structured horizontal tube is decreased by 90 %, and its falling film heat transfer coefficient is increased by more than two times.

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This KCl by-product often contains unreacted KF and organic solvents, complicating recycling efforts and leading to its classification as waste salt. Conventional methods for managing this waste salt typically involve landfilling, outsourcing treatment, and on-site regeneration. However, landfilling poses significant environmental risks, while outsourced treatment can incur substantial costs. In this context, on-site regeneration of KCl emerges as a promising solution that balances economic feasibility with environmental sustainability, underscoring the pressing need for innovative approaches to waste management in the fluorine chemistry sector.

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The post Transforming waste into value: Efficient recycling of KCl and NH₄F via electrodialysis metathesis – China appeared first on Desalination Institute DME - Water Desalination Resources.

Here, a thin, porous, mechanically stable and high LiCl-loading content super-hygroscopic SA-MXene@LiCl membrane (SM@LiCl) was fabricated via vacuum-assisted filtration and freeze-drying methods. The thin and porous characteristics of the cross-linked SA-MXene network significantly reduce moisture transport resistance, while the wrapped hygroscopic LiCl effectively enhances its moisture capture capacity.

When applied to SAWH, this nanocomposite membrane demonstrates an impressive water uptake performance of 1.69 g g⁻¹ within 1 h at 45 % RH and releases over 65 % of absorbed water after only 0.5 h of sunlight irradiation (1 kW/m²).

With its high moisture sorption capacity and rapid ab/desorption kinetics, it can operate for up to 16 cycles per day in indoor environment, resulting in a record daily water yield of 19.46 L kg⁻¹ at 45 % RH. The present study presents a straightforward approach for the development of high-quality sorbents with improved ab/desorption kinetics for SAWH.

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According to the density functional theory calculations, the crystal surface with the best catalytic properties is Ni (111). Based on the theoretical calculations, this work proposed controlling the reduction order and reduction efficiency of Ni²⁺ and H₂O in the nickel slag leachate during electrolysis to modulation of crystal surface growth of Ni. Moreover, amorphous Ni(OH)₂ was designed to selectively grow in Ni product to further improve the catalytic performance of Ni (1 1 1).

The electrodes with the best catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution were obtained when the electrodeposition conditions were 30 min, 0.05 M, and 12.5 mA/cm². A current density of 10 mA/cm² was achieved with an overpotential of only 17.46 mV. The Tafel slope was 31.2 mV·dec⁻¹. The proposed method is a straightforward and clean approach that does not require membrane addition. At the same time, using nickel slag as raw material can not only reduce the harm of nickel slag to the environment, but also reduce the cost of preparing electrodes.

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