Capacitive deionization (CDI) displays the merits of having eco-friendliness and low energy consumption when capturing phosphorus. However, traditional carbon electrodes often suffer from the limitation that phosphorus uptake sites are insufficient. Herein, a novel ZrO2 nanoparticle equipped with a highly conductive carbon network (NZrC) was fabricated by a facile co-pyrolysis process. Na2EDTA can provide additional carbon backbones, N species, and metal chelation sites. Zr-MOF was applied as the ZrO2 precursor with abundant phosphorus trapping sites. The results suggested that Na2EDTA favors improving the ZrO2 dispersion, mesoporous channel formation, and pseudocapacitive behavior. NZrC-21 at 1.2 V displays low energy consumption and the […]

Recovery of lithium carbonate crystals from a high salinity solution using membrane crystallizer with concentration and temperature gradients – Republic of Korea

By leveraging nano-bubbles produced through the reaction between AC and NaOH without adding other pore-forming agents, the membrane-forming process of PSf was regulated. It was found that the PSf LNF membranes prepared in NaOH-solution coagulation and immersion baths exhibited significantly enhanced permeation performance without compromising the rejection. These results suggested that the coagulation and immersion post-treatment processes under NaOH solution had a great effect upon the structure and the property of the membranes. The LNF membrane prepared from 20 wt% PSf casting solution with 8 wt% AC achieved a permeation flux of 188.7 L m−2 h−1, and a Congo red (CR, Mw =696 Da) rejection of over […]

The proposed pilot FD unit has multiple brine extraction stages to reach the desired water salinity. Four distinct feed water salinity are tested. The results show that the unit has the potential to produce low-salinity water without the need for washing or crushing which causes significant mass loss. The results indicate that water is obtained at a salinity of 393 and 1225 ppm NaCl at feed water salinities equal 10,000 and 40,000 ppm NaCl, respectively. Furthermore, the system produces an approximate constant volume equal 850 mL which is around 28 % of feed water volume. The gain output ratio (GOR) […]

In this paper, the sandwich PEDOT:PSS@MXene film electrode was prepared by uniformly coating PEDOT:PSS film on the surface of MXene through template-assisted polymerization. The film improves the stability of the composite by protecting the Ti layer. The specific capacitance of PEDOT:PSS@MXene performs 185.5 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. The desalination capacity of hybrid AC//PEDOT:PSS@MXene cell in 500 mg L−1 NaCl solution is 35.8 mg g−1. After 40 desalting cycles, the cell performs better retention rate than AC//MXene cell (82.5 %), which keeps 97.2 %. The morphology and structure of composite show no exists of TiO2 after 40 desalting cycles, indicating that PEDOT:PSS as a coating film can achieve high […]

In forward osmosis, microgels can be used either in a dried state or as a concentrated aqueous dispersion. A sample with 25 mol% charged units achieved a balance between water flux and responsiveness. It reached fluxes of 2.84, 4.79 and 4.39 L·m−2·h−1 for the dried state, 40 wt% and 20 wt% dispersions, respectively, when tested with 5 g·L−1 brackish water. Furthermore, a 40 wt% dispersion drew 35 g·L−1 seawater at a flux of 1.36 L·m−2·h−1. (Source)