Salt-resistant MXene-charge gradient hydrogel evaporator with boosted water transport for efficient photothermal desalination – China

Highlights

• We introduce an efficient vXene-charge gradient hydrogel (MCGH) evaporator using the Donnan effect for salt rejection.
• 2D MXene films harvest sunlight effectively, converting light energy into heat for water evaporation in desalination.
• This solar steam generator uses an ion pumping effect and gradient porous structure for high osmotic pressure and salt barrier.

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