Ceramic membranes are specifically defined as separation membranes made from metal oxides like ZrO2, TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2, as well as materials such as SiC and C3N4. The main configurations of ceramic membranes are flat-sheet, single-tube, and multi-channel designs. Among these, tubular and multi-channel ceramic membranes, which offer higher surface area, mechanical strength, and efficiency, are steadily expanding their industrial applications.

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