Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes for sustainable desalination and water reuse: A perspective – Singapore
We focus on the key characteristics required for chlorine-resistant seawater RO membranes, and acid/base-resistant NF membranes for wastewater fractionation. We also highlight the impetus to focus on how TFC membranes can be used for resource recovery applications, such as the extraction of valuable ions from wastewater and brines.